Dr. Bob McDowall is an analytical chemist with over 45 years experience including 6 years forensic toxicology, 15 years working in the pharmaceutical industry and over 25 years working for the industry as a consultant. Currently, he is Director of R D McDowall Ltd and was presented with the 1997 LIMS Award for advances in understanding and teaching of the subject. Bob has been involved with the validation of computerised systems for over 30 years and is the author of books on the validation of chromatography data systems and data integrity and data governance in regulated laboratories. Bob is also the writer of the Questions of Quality (LC-GC Europe) and Focus on Quality (Spectroscopy) columns and is a member of the Editorial Advisory Boards of several Journals. He has also been involved in contributing and reviewing the GAMP Guide for Records and Data Integrity (2017) and the GAMP Good Practice Guides for Data Integrity - Key Concepts (2018) and Data Integrity by Design (2020).